Promote Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Essay

Outcome 1 1. What is meant by: Diversity –our society is made up of people with a wide range of characteristics and backgrounds. This diversity contributes strength to a community but sadly it is often perceived as a problem. Equality – seeing each child as an individual will enable you to promote their right to have access to equality of opportunity and to be treated with equal concern so they are able to progress along the pathway development. Inclusion- to promote the positive aspects of diversity and to offer children equal chances in life, all settings for children would work towards inclusive. 2. What are the potential effects of discrimination? There are lots of different effects of discrimination for example children do not progress and experience success in their lives and the negative effects this has on their self-esteem may dampen their motivation levels. 3. How can inclusive practice promote equality and support diversity? Children’s right to have access to equality of opportunity. Promoting the positive aspects of diversity. Settings should always aim for inclusion, which promotes both equality and diversity. Outcome 2 1. How do legislation and codes of practice relating to equality, diversity and discrimination apply to own work role? For our setting to work in an inclusive way they would have to work with the legal framework to work with families in a respectful way. Laws alone cannot change prejudiced attitudes and assumptions or influence the way people think. Outcome 3 3. How could you challenge discrimination in a way that promotes change? Both children and adults can be the victim of prejudice or behaviour in discriminatory ways. Every setting should have strategies for dealing with any issue that is challenged. You should help both sides those who are subject to the discrimination and those who are the discriminator, this is a delicate matter and should be dealt with carefully.

Psychological Warfare Essay

Psychological Warfare is a war of the mind. It is considered to be a plan operation to convey selected information and indications to audiences and influence their emotions,motives, behaviors, objective reasoning towards a particular aspect. It is a weapon used in all aspects of war and whose effectiveness is limited to the commanders ingenuity that has been using it. Psychological warfare or also known as Psychological Operations (PSYOP) is considered ed as one of the oldest weapon in a man’s arsenal,an important force,protector and a non-lethal weapon system. It is simply learning everything about your enemies belief,likes and dislikes, strengths and weaknesses, vulnerabilities and your main motive is to determine their weak point that will make you win. Here a comprehensive study about Psychological Warfare will be tackled and how terrorists maximizes the use of Internet in doing Psychological operations that will make or break their motives towards a particular enemy. The factors that influences an individual to develop Psychological Warfare and their morale as well as other related dilemmas will also be discussed. Psychological Warfare is broadly defined as a planned use of communication to influence people’s attitudes and behaviors and which main target is the emotion that will support the attainment of national objectives. â€Å"The form of communication can be as simple as spreading information covertly by word of mouth or through any means of multimedia.† (Rouse, 2007) The U.S. Department of Defense defines psychological warfare (PSYWAR) as: â€Å"The planned use of propaganda and other psychological actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to support the achievement of national objectives.†   Psychological Warfare is also known as infowars. This type of warfare is often used in modern situations, such as the dropping of leaflets and propaganda campaigns. Psychological warfare could be considered a type of unconventional warfare. This is because it attempts to influence the mind of the enemy rather than destroy its military. The press is one of the most commonly used weapons for spreading propaganda. (wikipedia) Here, the primary weapons are sights and sound since it can be disseminated by face to face communication, through radio,television,newspaper,books, magazines or posters. The real deal is not how the message is sent but it is more about the message and how that message impacts the beliefs of an individual. Most of events and terrorist attacks involves Psychological warfare that utilizes tactics (psychological Operations or PSYOP) that will inculcate fear towards the enemy and catches people’s attention to unite with their motives. As communications and technology advances, greater chances for mass propaganda is developed. Psychological Operations (PSYOP, PSYOPS) are techniques used by military and police forces to influence a target audience’s emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and behavior. Target audiences can be governments, organizations, groups, and individuals, and are used in order to induce confessions, or reinforce attitudes and behaviors favorable to the originator’s objectives. These are sometimes combined with black operations or false flag tactics. (wikipedia) It is also classified as white, grey and black whereas white is said to be true and not biased and the source of information is acknowledge. Grey is largely truthful it contains no information that can be proven as wrong and the source may or may not be revealed. Black propaganda is worst because it is really intended to deceive enemies. â€Å"History provides the strongest proof of the importance of moral factors and their often incredible effect: this is the noblest and most solid nourishment that the mind of a general may draw from a study of the past.† (Clausewitz, 1976,p.185)) Psywar and PSYOP is a directed war propaganda at their enemies to induce surrender, disruption and insurrection. It is also said to be more effective when based on military tactics and realities. Since we are now in the twenty first century, mass media now allows the dissemination and reception of information from enemies. Their messages are provided through leaflets, radio, television and know the world wide web invasion is also a medium for Psychological warfare. Through the Internet various propagandas that attempts to persuade people to think and influence people is made possible by individuals that wants to achieve a certain degree of power through their opinions and firm conviction regarding a certain claim. Most individuals who use the net as a means of promulgating informations that attacks certain party are those people whom they called terrorists. Terrorists in the modern sense are classified as people who are violent and uses harmful acts to threaten or directly harm civilians for their political and ideological goals. Terrorists are now increasingly using the Internet to communicate with their co-terrorist and to the rest of the people in the world who uses this medium of communication. Most people have seen certain propagandas like videos that are published on the world’s news networks and other websites made possible by these people. The Internet is a powerful tool for terrorism to be done. Certain websites contains forums, message boards and chat rooms that shares information to coordinate attacks and spread each propaganda to continuously recruit people to be part of their terrorists groups. It serves as a mind opening and soul awakening for an individual to develop more of their Psychological warfare to revolt and act against a particular group. Such websites also serves as training grounds from newbies in the terrorists’ world where tutorials on building bombs,firing missiles and shooting guns are offered. It also host messages that raises morale and for further expansion of recruting and getting funds for their group. The greatest advantage of using Internet is that terrorists have greater edge of disseminating information and they began to develop more sophisticated encryption tools and creative techniques that are efficiently provided by these medium. It also provides a global pool of recruits and greater fund raising means since it has become a commonplace for organizations to accept donations through usage of credit cards and wire transfers. Certain websites that contains terroristic motives was already discovered and disciplinary measures were given to those caught using this as a Psychological Warfare weapon to influence people and inculcate terrorism into the minds of people. An article entitled â€Å"Briton convicted of terrorism offenses† was retrieved and In this article Mohammed Atif Siddique21 years of age and a British Muslim was accused of terrorism offenses and he was also plead guilty of his acts. This is because he was possessing and distributing materials for aspiring Islamist terrorists via world wide web between March 2003 and April 2006. He’s threat of becoming a suicide bomber made also cases to be filed against him. He cannot deny the fact behind the judge’s decision since the presiding Judge, Lord Carloway told him that having those articles in his possession that are connected with the commission made him convicted of significant attempts of terrorism attacks. A video on Mr. Siddique’s computer that shows a man threatening to bomb Britain serves as a strong evidence on his case. The same video was also shown to his fellow students at Glasgow Metropolitan College. Even his cousin Shazia Rehman received 6 e-mails than advocates suicide bombings. Which for him finds most pleasing in the eyes of Allah because blowing himself cannot be considered suicide but rather being a martyr. In spite of the evidences cited against him, he denies the accusation and charges against him by saying that he has those materials for research purposes only. Nevertheless he was sentenced on October 23, 2007 of 15 years imprisonment. His good lawyer. Aamer Anwar wants to appeal on his case since he finds it unfair because according to him what his client does is just a typical everyday activity of young people who surfs the Internet everyday looking for answers. He claims that it is a r ragedy of justice and freedom of speech that differentiates his client among terrorists. (Fontanella, 2007) I can say that in his case, such evidences and activities is credible enough for him to be sentenced. It is better for him to be vindicated than to allow him to be free and put the lives of many people in danger. However, a parole maybe given if he behaves   monitor his activities if there will be another terrorist attempt for him. Shutting down of a terrorist website is one immediate solution on this scenario hence it is also considered as a temporary disruption if the web master is not stopped. Thats why an immediate action like filing a case and sending the accused in jail is a better solution on this case. Because if certain web masters are still allowed to be free even though the website is already shut down,a worst case of integrating another website can be done to develop another Psychological warfare grounds and make terrorist activities possible. A disappointing article about a successful terrorist act is entitled â€Å"Bomb blasts in Pakistan kill at least 25† The outskirts of Pakistan capital, Islamabad were were bombed on September 4, 2007 claiming the lives of 25 innocents and injured 60 more. The blasts happened on two separate accounts in a military garrisoned town of Rawalpindi. The target of the first explosion was a military bus in an encampment of the general headquarters which automatically placed the two areas under high alert. The alert was just lifted a couple of days prior to the bombings. The explosions are deemed to be a succession of terrorist acts happening in Pakistan in the past few months. Government officials indicate that the attacks were suicidal in nature. The military claimed that the motives behind the blasts will be revealed after an investigation. Security officials viewed the attacks as a retaliation to the military operations against the militants in the country’s border.(Bokhari, 2007) The failure of the Pakistani Armed Forces to serve and protect the civilians are becoming more of a habit, rather than a mistake.In recent instances, the Pakistani army is showing that they cannot counter the Islamic Extremists who plague their country. The bombings of the military headquarters obviously prove that the security as well as the military’s competency is highly questionable. The massive difference in number between Pakistani soldiers and Islamic rebels prove that the Pakistani Army needs strategical and tactical training in order to penetrate the base of a small rebel assembly. Furthermore it is clear as day that the military officials are ill-equipped to distribute soldiers to different tasks in order to eliminate terrorist activity and presence in Pakistan, it is blatant that they use quantity rather than strategy in conducting operations. They should have further research about the group before going into war and they should have determine it earlier if they already gathered enough informations about this terrorist by surfing in the web about the propagandas of this group. One might say that morale has been a boosting factor for terrorist to push thorough their acts of being determined in having a Psychological warfare. Morale is a subject clearly less glamorous than high-technology precision weapons and information systems but no less important. There has been no â€Å"revolution in morale affairs† to make the gray shades of morale more black and white. Instead, because morale keeps us flying on instruments â€Å"in the soup,† it serves as a governor to check the hyper pace of modern warfare. Morale inertia also carries an imperative that the will to win the fight is something the victor must maintain and the vanquished must lose. (Tzu, 1963, p.54). Having a moral boost makes a person more determined in doing an activity according to his/her belief and the conviction to triumphed in that particular matter. And since Psychological operations (PSYOP) is officially the business of targeting the mind of the person, (Collins, 1999, p.58) it serves as a weapon to communicate the message directly toward morale, PSYOP uses television, radio broadcasts, and other methodologies like Internet websites rather than physical destruction to convince the enemy to do something and much worst scenario is expected to happen when it was successfully done like the article stated above that killed innocent people. Having enough time to contemplate before thinking of having and building the concept of Psychological Warfare is really an issue for an individual. Because being committed in such group requires a lot of moral dilemmas and many things should also be taken into consideration. Informations generated and are used as weapons of catching up people’s attention is critically analyzed by web masters and terrorist who took advantage of technology in influencing people’s attitudes and behaviors and targets their emotions to get sympathy and encourage others to be a part of their group that will support the attainment of national objectives according to their sets of principle. It requires good decision making whether you wanted to be affected by these factors and it is also your decision that will make or break your personality as an individual and how you view the world in a brighter perspective. After all Psychological Warfare starts with the mind its all up to us how we are going to be influenced by these stuffs. And we also have to overlook the outcome of every decisions that we make. Deciding with the mind and of course with the heart. References Bokhari, Farhan in Islamabad. (2007) Bomb blasts in Pakistan kill at least 25. FT.com Financial Times retrieved December 5, 2007, from: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ad231bc6-5aa6-11dc- 8c32-0000779fd2ac.html Clausewitz, Carl von. (1976). On War, ed. and trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, p. 185. Collins, Steven. (1999) â€Å"Army PSYOP in Bosnia: Capabilities and Constraints,† Parameters 29, no. 2 (Summer)p. 58. Fontanella,James and agencies. (2007)Briton convicted of terrorism offenses. FT.com Financial Times retrieved December 5, 2007, from: http://us.ft.com/ftgateway/superpage.ft?news_id=fto091720071114413670&utm_source=utm source%3Dyahoo&utm_medium=utm_medium%3DSSP&utm_campaign=utm_campaign%3 Dnews Psychological Warfare (2007) U.S Department of defense definiton. Wikipedia.org retrieved December 5, 2007, from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_warfare#United_States_use_of_psychological_w arfare Rouse, Major Ed. (2007) Psychological Operations/Warfare. psywarior.com retrieved December 5,2007 from: http://www.psywarrior.com/psyhist.html Tzu, Sun. (1963). The Art of War, trans. Samuel B. Griffith. London: Oxford University Press,p.54.

After Divorce

Myparents divorced when I was two, and the repercussions of their split lasted longafter it was final. My mother was a parochial school teacher who earned justenough to stay off welfare, but not enough for us to live comfortably. Utilitiesin our home were shut off from time to time, and it seemed like we would nevercatch up. My mother also worked nights, so after school I would go to mygrandparents house. I spent little time with my mother because she worked duringthe week, and eventually on weekends, too. My most painful memories ofthat time are not of being teased for my limited wardrobe, or the times we had norunning water because my mother missed payments. The most difficult experiencewas watching my mother cry at night, while I hugged her and told her I lovedher. Through all this, I learned so much. I came to value education,family and faith. I worked hard in school, and earned good grades. I learned frommy mothers example (she went back to school after three children and a divorce)that it is important for a woman to go to college and not depend on a man. I cameto value extended family support and developed a close relationship with mygrandparents and cousins because I was with them so much while my mother worked. Last, my faith became very strong. Although my mother was very busy, shemade sure we all went to church together every Sunday. Most important, we did notblame God for our situation. Instead, we thanked Him for the good things in ourlives. We were grateful for the people who cared about us, for not being on thestreets, and for good health when we did not have health insurance. My parentsdivorce caused hardships and pain, but it was also an experience that I would notchange because of how much I learned.

Four Points Kingston Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Four Points Kingston - Case Study Example The objective of the Four Point Kingston is that to provide the proper response and service to the people or the customers who comes there and to provide them rooms with a nominal and a reasonable tariff compared to the other resorts or the hotels. Apart from that they also provide the people with a good equipment room and lot of relaxation games and the activities that are present there. Also to give the customers a happy and a long lasting memory full of happiness about the stay in the resort. Four Point Kingston is providing a lot of features to the customer but it also have some other problems and issues they are nothing but the problems due to the competitions and the future planning. This has to be taken into account and should be dealt in an expertise manner in order to avoid the bitter results because the competitive places are also the reputed ones and they do provide a good customer service. The main problem is that the competitive places have a fully equipped sight seeing place that is from the place the Kingston harbor is visible and is able to provide the customers a nice sight seeing place in the same way four point also provides the sight seeing of a lake which tallies the other. Apart from this pro Apart from this problem Four Point also suffers some other problem which is the vacancy of the rooms. Most of the customers who arrive to Kingston come mainly to be relaxed and to get some pleasure. So most of the rooms get booked only in the season timing and mostly they are all peak at that time. But at the other timings most of the rooms are left just like that this is the other problem faced by the Kingston group. SHORT TERM & LONG TERM The Four Point Kingston is a nice place for the tourists to stay and enjoy having pleasure but also certain things has to get enhanced because there are certain places that has been developed in a greater extent to attract more number of people. So it has to concentrate on the profits and the enhanced services that have to be provided in the mere future. RECOMMENDATION Lot of recommendations can be given for the development in the short term the main thing that has to be increased is the revenues to the concern or in other words the profitability to the four points. This can be achieved by allotting the vaccant rooms to a least benefit by giving certain concessions and at the same time through some simple enhanced services instead of the costly ones. Like instead of giving coffee machines can provide coffee to the persons directly twice a day or else providing some decent but cheaper drinks. So the vacant rooms also will be occupied and at the same time the lesser cost will be tallied using this system. Also making the conference halls well equipped. But

Human Resource Management - recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resource Management - recruitment - Essay Example Then, the next step is to select an appropriate channel or media to advertise the job vacancy. An appropriate media would be the one that could reach the potential candidate for this vacancy. With that then the resume received shall be screen through and only those short listed will be call for psychometric test1 and some job related exercise ie. planning2 and analysis3 exercise (UTS, 2003). Such test and exercise would help to eliminate unsuitable candidates to the interview. The interview is administered by the immediate supervisor or the human resource committee. Interview questions are prepared corresponding to KASO (Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other Characteristics) criteria. Thus the interview could be considered structured. Besides the KASO assessment, an understanding on the responsibilities and expectations should be communicated with the candidate during the interview. Sometimes a second interview might be necessary for the interviewer to make a decision of recruitmen t. Finally, appoint the most suitable candidate to the vacancy. (6-5 points) : Response covers in detail all of the elements listed. The situation described is highly complex, similar to what may be encountered in this position. Response indicates that the candidate fully understood and considered the issues involved, and that he/she took proactive steps to ensure timely completion of the assignments. (4-3 points) : Response covers 3 of the elements listed, but is less thorough than an exceptional response. The situation described is similar in complexity to what is routinely encountered in this position. Response indicate

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 5 SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

BHS 400 STRESS MANAGEMENT (Module 5 SLP) - Essay Example Good psychological adjustment to the situation and realization of inner capabilities would help to develop stress resistance. The diverse approaches of effective coping and stress management can be broadly classified into three Categories: Cognitive (Thought) Or Re-Framing Strategies and Emotion-Based Strategies (Feeling) are palliative tactics which are conceptualized to control emotional disturbances and distress. Action-Based Strategies falls under the Instrumental or problem focused approaches. Action-Based Strategies are directed towards changing stressed environment or adapt oneself to the situation to avoid the stress effectively (Koslowsky, Kluger, & Reich, 1995, p. 129, 130). The person starts blaming himself/herself for the negative consequence. The illogical thinking includes catastrophizing (exaggeration of harmful effect), personalizing (holding responsible for negative outcome), all-or-nothing thinking (feeling of losing always), overgeneralizing (fixing oneself to unpleasant endless pattern), and mental filtering (ignoring good part). (Tuller, Jan 22, 2002). Cognitive strategy is basically dealing with alteration of a thought process. Person is made to rethink the perception about the situation that made him upset. Basic assumptions about certain event is strategically changed or reframed to reduce negative outcome of the event. This might involve restructuring of words to change their meanings about worrisome event. The bothersome unnecessary thoughts are displaced by good and pleasing thoughts. This optimistic interpretation would help to sound and feel more pleasant about the same situation. The stressed individual should edit the situation by d eleting the undesirable aspects in mental process, and make the condition more favorable (Pargman, 2006, p. 145). Reducing of thought errors is a difficult,

Technology and growth in the Chinese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology and growth in the Chinese - Essay Example A study of rice production yield in 13 rice growing provinces between the year 1978-1984 showed that adoption of technology in production contributed to a 40% growth in rice production while between 1985 and 1990 technology was the sole contributor to increased rice production (Huang 27). The rural economy therefore adopted the use of technology in rice production leading to increased productivity. This shows that technology has a major impact in the economy of china as it has contributed massively to the growth of the major economic sector of china. Ideally, technology is a key tool for any economy to experience much positive change. This can be in the form of new improved tools of production, adoption in technology in the processing of raw material as well new improved ways of storage to add life to products. Furthermore, technology opens up foreign markets to local investors through the electronic commerce platform that enables trade across borders. The growth in the market size increases demand leading to more productivity to satisfy the growing demand. The main aim of small upcoming firms is to grow and establish itself firmly in the market. This will enable the firms to compete well in the industry. This can be achieved well through networking. Networking is mainly the use of the contacts a firm has with relevant firms in the industry; this can be in the form of advice for the management of well established firms, suppliers, financiers and other stakeholders who may impact positively to the growth of the firm. This will assist the firm to grow faster than other firms that prefer to stand out alone without any networks. A study carried out in china where the managers of three upcoming firms were interviewed and three who were successful affirmed using networking while those that did not experience much growth did not embrace networking. This shows the importance of networking for any technology oriented firm. According to a study

Required to perform an Analysis of Variance using SPSS Essay

Required to perform an Analysis of Variance using SPSS - Essay Example The observed result is the level of sales in that locality in the fortnight following the appearance of the first advertisement. From the two way analysis of variance, it can be observed that the main effect length and media are significant. This is because the significant value of media is 0.000; the significant value of media is 0.0000 which are less than 0.05 level of confidence. This implies that there is significant difference in the main effects. The significant value of the interaction of main effect media and length is equal to 0.001 which is less than 0.05 level of confidence. This implies that there is significant difference in the interaction. The percentage of the value of sales volume accounted by the model is 78.4%. This is because that value of R-squared is equal to 0.784. From the mean comparison of the sales posted though the Tv or radio advertisement, it can be observed that the value of significant difference indicate that there is no significant difference in the mean sales of the given by either Tv or Radio. From the pairwise combination of medium and length, it can be observed that the combination of long length and radio form of advertisement give the least sales. This implies that the combination of advertisement of long length and radio is the one that cannot be used for

Distance Learning Techniques in Organizations Essay

Distance Learning Techniques in Organizations - Essay Example Some more numbers below put into perspective the growing trend in distance learning (Sloan consortium): Among companies also, there are similar trends emerging which show that organizations are increasingly shifting their thinking towards distance training. According to Dr. Amy Finn (Chief Learning Officer at Centra Software), â€Å"smart organizations know that e-learning is a strategic solution that must be deployed throughout their organization. It is no longer a question of â€Å"if,† but â€Å"when.† e-learning is becoming and will continue to be a part of the organizational infrastructure, similar to mail packages and other suites of products used to increase organizational productivity.† The method of training is being changed from the traditional classroom training in order to reduce travel and per diem cost. In order to be focused and relevant, we need to first define what we are trying to achieve. Therefore, we could define the scope of â€Å"training from distance† as: Having identified the various instructional media and techniques, we can now look in details the pros and cons for each. This would help identify the most suitable technique to undertake in different situations. There are two types of learning environments depending on whether or not the trainees receive the inputs at the same time as the trainer imparts the training. If the trainees receive the inputs at the same time as the trainer imparts the training, it is called asynchronous learning environment.  

Socio- economic class can affect the health of individuals discuss Essay

Socio- economic class can affect the health of individuals discuss - Essay Example These three components of socioeconomic position influence an individual’s life chances and living standards. Each of them can act as a reference point when constructing hierarchical classification of socioeconomic position. For example, people can be classified based on skill level from unskilled manual jobs to professional jobs or from low income to high income (Liu, 2011, P.258). Occupation, educational achievement and income capture critical dimensions of people’s material and social endowment, and also act as substitute for other unmeasured progressions which profiles an individual’s health. In this respect, researchers aim to capture unmeasured factors, which vary in line with these three factors when they classify individuals or households using them. The common trend is that people in higher socioeconomic groups tend to have better health and fewer disabling conditions that those in lower groups. Health inequalities are evident from the beginning of life as exemplified by gradients in birth weight, which influence cognitive and physical development (Lu and Jonsson, 2007, P.267). Social economic status (SES) is often implicated as a cause of health disparities among different groups. It can be defined as the relative position of a household or an individual in a hierarchical society, based on their access to wealth, prestige and power. SES is related to health status and captures an individual’s or groups ability to access basic resources required to achieve and maintain good health (Lu and Jonsson, 2007, P.267). There is a strong correlation between health outcomes and income, educational achievement, wealth, community environment and race or ethnicity. People with higher incomes, higher educational qualification and those who live in a healthy and safe environment have on average longer life expectancies and better health outcomes. On the other hand, those with low

Leiningen Essy Essay Example for Free

Leiningen Essy Essay Throughout the ages, man has constantly been forced to battle with nature. Leiningen versus the Ants by Carl Stephenson is about a landowner, Leiningen, in Brazil who is warned by a Brazilian official that an army, ten miles long and two miles wide, of ants is headed straight for his plantation and are expected to reach his plantation in two days at the latest. But Leiningen believes that the Brazilian official is pulling his leg when he advises him to evacuate the plantation because of ants. Against all odds, Leiningen is able to defeat a twenty square mile army of ants by ossessing leadership, confidence, and intelligence. One of the key reasons that Leiningen is able to defeat the army of ants is his great leadership skill because with a great leader who everyone trusts in, the group or army will be united as one and work as one. After Leiningen has been informed of the ants that are approaching his plantation, Leiningen prepares for the battle by moving the women and children and cattle to safety. The women and children, then the herds of cattle, were escorted by peons on rafts over the river, to remain on the other side in absolute safety (2). Leiningen is keeping the people and animals that cannot fght safe, which demonstrates his leadership and control over the plantation and everything living there while also illustrating his care for the women, children, and cattle. After the battle has begun, Leiningen is forced to make quick decisions, including the decision to drop a match into the petrol-filled ditch. Everyone back from the ditch! roared Leiningen. The men rushed away, without the slightest idea of his plan(9). Leiningens men show great obedience to Leiningen when they rush way from the ditch without details of his plan demonstrating that Leiningen is a reliable leader who they can trust. Finally, Leiningen displays that he is a respected leader who will put his own life at risk to save those of his men. Listen, lads! he shouted. Theres still a chance to save our lives†by flooding the plantation from the river. Well, Im not going to let you try it; if I did Id be worse than one of those ants. No, I called the tune, and now Im going to pay the piper(11). There are few leaders in todays society, or even in history, that would put their own life at risk nstead of the life of one of their men. Leiningen shows absolutely incredible leadership in this instance where he is basically willing to give his life for the lives of his men. Leadership played a key role in Leiningens success because Leiningen was able to lead his men and bring them together as one unit as oppose to individuals working by themselves. In addition to leadership, Leiningen possesses a vital element of success, confidence. Leiningen believed that he could defeat the ants, which gave Leiningen and his men confidence in every precaution, and action they were taking in he steps towards defeating the ants. Leiningen had made every precaution his mind could think of, And now he was sure he would prove more than a match for the irresistible ants(2). Leiningen believes that he will defeat the ants due to the great precaution that he has taken to stop them. By believing that his precautions would be successful, Leiningen illustrates confidence not only in him, but also in his actions. Speaking to the Brazilian officer about the claim he had made about the ants being an act of God, Leiningen replies, Act of God, my eye! Anyway, Im not an old woman; only needs confidence in what he has done, but also in what he is capable of doing. Leiningen demonstrates that he has confidence in his capability to hold off the ants and defeat them. In the same reply to the Brazilian officer who described to Leiningen the vastness and power of the ant army, Leiningen states, l use my intelligence, old man. With me, the brain isnt a second blindgut; I know what its there for(l). Again Leiningen illustrates confidence that he will have no problem holding off the ants simply with his intelligence. Leiningens success can be greatly attributed to his characteristic of confidence because believing that he was able to defeat the ants caused him to strive towards that goal and become successful. Intelligence is more than Just having smarts; it is knowing how to apply those smarts to real-life situations. Leiningen is a man with great intelligence who is able to use his intelligence, along with leadership and confidence, to aid in his defeat of the vast army of ants.

Smart Guys In the Room Complete Essay Example for Free

Smart Guys In the Room Complete Essay The documentary film, the Smartest Guys In the Room was written and produced by Alex Gibney, who is also the writer and producer of Eugene Jareckis â€Å"The Trials of Henry Kissinger†. This documentary is mainly and exanimation of the way a corporate giant rose and fell due to financial and accounting malpractices by the executives of the company, Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room. This film documentary is based on a book written by the Fortune Magazine reporters namely Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind. It starts in the scene whereby Enron executive Cliff Baxter is re-enacted after which the films takes the viewer through a flashback whereby the chairman of Enron, Mr. Kenneth Lay is described as a person from a humble background with his father being a preacher hence the reference of him, as a son of a preacher. The film also depicts the life of Mr. Kenneth and how he managed to rise up in his career in the corporate world, the development of various business strategies which he applied in the natural gas business and also the kind of relationship which he had with the family of the then president Bush. From the film, one is able to observe that the financial and the accounting malpractices started long time as early as the year 1987. During this period, various outrageous and risky practices and profit skimming were encouraged by Lay of two traders involved in oil trading in Enron’s office at Valhalla. This was due to the reason these traders used to bring a lot of money to the company through the oil trade with the company. The arrival of the CEO Jeff Skilling brought extensive and aggressive form of accounting philosophy which became part of the practices of the company. From this documentary, The Smartest Guys In the Room, it can also be observed that the company went to great lengths through various malpractices so that it could appear to profitable yet it was not. The true financial situation and position of the company was worse although the investors were made to believe that the company was performing well. The executives applied crude ways of ensuring that they win at any costs. The executives of the company bare portray as ones who are more concerned with creating an image for the company and do not care whether the practices which they apply are acceptable and beneficial to the shareholders and even other stakeholders such as the employees of the company. The executives employed illegal ways of doing business which included offering huge contracts for their financial analysts so that they could not portray the true picture of the firm. Furthermore, the executives as observed in the documentary decided that the company could loan money to itself hence hiding the huge debts of the company, giving the wrong impression to investors and other stakeholders of the company. It is also observed that the company made use of the deregulation of the state of California to control and manipulate the market for electricity therefore affecting the supply of electricity. The use of characters such as Mr. Kenneth who was known as a son of a preacher brings contradiction to the film, since a preacher’s son is never expected to involve in wrong practices but that is not the case. This shows the viewer that the face value of something may never always be the exact value of that particular item hence there is need for extensive and further investi8gation. In the film, the executives are also shown as greedy since they manage to keep for themselves riches at the expenses of everyone else who were involved with the company. The employees lost their jobs as a result of the actions and the malpractices of the executives in addition to the investors who lost their money in the company. The general depiction of the film is about capitalism which is demonstrated through the actions of the executives of Enron. The film, Smart Guys in the Room is a demonstration that financial and accounting practices should be regulated and closely mo0nitored to avoid adverse effects on the economy. Giving a free hand to a company and allowing a lot of freedom for the executives of a company may lead to practices which cause the failure and even death of a company. Capitalism has had great negative impacts on the economy of the United States since the companies were allowed to run as they please and not stringent measures and financial reporting and regulations were put in place. The documentary, Smart Guys in The Room, clearly brings out the importance of the various accounting and financial reporting standards which have been set for companies to follow. The executives of any given company must be held accountable for their actions and must always know that their priority goal is to provide true financial position of the company they manage. It is the duty of the investors also to take control and monitor the practices within the companies they invest in to avoid issues such as that if Enron. References Enron-The Smart Guys In the Room, (2005), viewed from www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxzLX_C9Z74 on 28th June 2014. Source document

Post Structuralism Phenomenology Concepts in Architecture

Post Structuralism Phenomenology Concepts in Architecture 1. Post-structuralism Post-structuralism is a progression of earlier movement resulted by the work of a Swiss linguist, Ferdinand De Saussure in the 1910s and 1920s called Structuralism. The latter was influenced by semiotics (a study of signs). According to Saussure, a language is a system of signs made up of a signifier (an acoustic-image) and a signified (a concept).[1] Structuralism is understood as how the system works to structure their individual elements to imply a meaning. Post-structuralism is often interchangeably linked with postmodernism and deconstruction in general, as all these movements respond to structuralisms philosophy of language but they apply those insights to a wider range of topics and radicalize some of the structuralisms premises. [2] The consideration of architecture as communication while recognizing its functionality came during the Modernism era, which revolves around the universal form and the principle of form follows function phrased by American architect, Louis Sullivan. Modern architects believed the functions of diagrammatic objects would be transparent, or obvious to everyone.[3] However, the text, The Lesson of the Toilet Bowl, has taught us that it is through learning that human knows how to use a form. Charles Jencks and Peter Eisenman both opposed the former movement in post-modernism and deconstruction respectively. Jencks sees communication as the main problem of modernism as modern architects abandoned the traditional language of architecture and tried to design functional buildings. Post-modernism is characterized as double-coding[4], highlighting multivalent, unlike modern architecture which was criticized as univalent in terms of form. While modern architecture strives to create new, independent works of art, postmodern architecture embraced diversity with the merge of ideas, styles, and characters to promote parody, humor and irony. Deconstruction, on the other hand, challenges the values of harmony, unity, and stability, and proposing instead a different view of a structure that the flaws are intrinsic to the structure.[5]   Deconstructivist rejects the presence of metaphysics, as well as the function, scale, and context. [6] In terms of design process within the discipline of architecture, structuralism revolves around the idea of binary, hierarchical, and structural thinking for example, black cannot be white and vice versa. Whereas in poststructuralism, French philosopher, Gilles Deleuze (1925-95) collaborated with the psychoanalyst, Fà ©lix Guattari (1930-92) introduced the concept of rhizome in  A Thousand Plateaus (1980). A rhizome has no beginning or end; it is always in the middle, between things, interbeing, intermezzo.[7] The term rhizome promotes connective thinking in which post-structuralists criticized the reductive and that phenomena actually occurs in a more multifarious manner. There are in betweens and tangents and ambiguous non-binary associations. Post-structuralists approach argues that to understand an object, it is necessary to study both the object itself and the systems of knowledge that produced the object. 2. Phenomenology Phenomenology is a philosophical movement or approach which was inaugurated by a German philosopher, Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) during the 1800s.   In architecture, the term phenomenology is the study of the essence of human consciousness through the subjective experience of phenomena. Architectural phenomenology acknowledged the importance of human experience as part of architecture; also referred as a return of lived experience.[8] This theory promotes the integration of human sensory and perception as part of built form to create an architectural and experiential space that is beyond tangible, but rather abstract, observed and perceived. One of the key approaches in phenomenology discourse was shaped by the thought of Martin Heidegger where he defines the meaning of Bauen (building) as to dwell, the latter simply means creating a sense of quality space within the building, providing the sense of feeling being at home to build is in itself already to dwell. However, dwelling does not necessarily occur in every building or typologies.[9] It was later then, the Heideggers philosophy becomes influential among a number of architectural theorists, namely, Christian Norberg-Schulz, a Norwegian architectural theorist, who was among the first to attempt to translate phenomenological approach into architecture. Schulz argues that the perception is inseparable from our preexisting knowledge about the things we perceive. Our perception is actually a result of our previous experiences.   This infers that every individuals perception is very subjective to their experiences and thus, asserted as a limiting factor to the phenomenological approach. In the architecture of today, people give too much of attention on the visual image (appearance) that the reality of how a building an experience has been neglected as mentioned by Finnish architect, Juhani Pallasmaa, who explored this notion in his work titled, The Geometry of Feeling (1985). Pallasmaa phrases that, the artistic dimension of a work of art does not lie in the actual physical thing; it exists only in the consciousness of the person experiencing it.[10] This statement enables us to think thoroughly that we do not only design a building as its physical form, and it is the images and feelings in other words, the design aims to achieve emotions/ experiences. A phenomenological concept in architectural design strategies to develop a unique experience by taking account of phenomena factors like space, light, and form. Architecture aims to provide to human needs and therefore, it is essential that a great design considers the relation of human senses with built form in order to create a rich experience that unfolds over time and gives a memorable impact for users.[11] 3. Theory and Practice Every now and then, we see theories overlap and developed from criticism, judgment, descriptive or interpretation on specific existing works. Consequently, this provides alternative solutions based on observations of the current state of the discipline, or offers new thought paradigms for approaching the issues.[12] The discourse of architectural theory and practice began after the Renaissance period when the Art of Building in Ten Books, which closely modeled Vitruviuswork was published by Alberti.[13] According to Korydon Smith in Introducing Architectural Theory, he defined architectural theory as: the evolution of the objective principles and subjective values that guide individual and collective decisions about, and assessments of ones own and othersarchitectural works.[14] Based on the definition, we can infer theories in architecture appear to be subjective and rather more individualistic and collective paradigms as everyone relatively do not share the same opinions or visual languages. His work also introduced the concept of the dialectic in particular, a dialogue. It arises as a dichotomy, a debate between two opposing positions, ideas, or theories (thesis and antithesis) but, through the desire to reconcile (synthesis) the debate, results in proposition. The dialectic, as such, is popularly known as Fichtean dialectics by Kants philosophies. The idea of dialectic is to be said a process using reasoning to ascertain what the truth could be. The discourse of theoretical within the discipline of architecture focuses on the relationship between theory and practice with two very distinct views revolving on the necessity of theory to practice effectively. For Bernard Tschumi, he argues that Architecture is not an illustrative art; it does not illustrate theories whereas, Vittorio Gregotti insists on theoretical research as a direct foundation of action in architectural design.[15] Theory within the practice is resolved to be inevitable as quoted by Iain Borden, Theory is indispensable. It is how we make sense of the world.[16] The Oxford philosophy professor John Alexander Smith phrased: The real gain from studying philosophy is not in learning about the views of great philosophers but in understanding their arguments and in acquiring confidence in ones ability to think critically, by thinking through these arguments.[17] From this statement inferences the relation of theory and practice where two have to evolve simultaneously. Dialectics are often present within the discipline of architecture design and practice, as a process of making incremental, though interrelated, decisions.[18] The theoretical dissertation has hugely contributed a number of architectural works today which helps to stimulate people to apply critical thinking in theory and practice and thus, the cycle repeats. Bibliography 1) Book Bibliography.  Macey, David. The Penguin Dictionary of Critical Theory London: Penguin Group, 2000. 2) Book Chapter Bibliography.  L. Fastiggi, Robert. Post-Structuralism. In New Catholic Encyclopedia Supplement 2012-13: Ethic and Philosophy, Volume 3. Detroit: Gale Cengage Learning in association with the Catholic University of America, 2013. 3) Book Chapter Bibliography.  Jencks, Charles. The Architectural Sign. In Signs, Symbols, and Architecture. New York: Wiley, 1980. 4) Book Chapter Bibliography.  Jencks, Charles. The Paradoxical World of Post-Modernism. In Movements in Twentieth Century Architecture, Ed. Michael J. Ostwald. Sydney; Arcadia Press / University of Newcastle, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Design, 2000. 5) Book Chapter Bibliography.  Wigley, Mark. Deconstructivist Architecture. In Movements in Twentieth Century Architecture, Ed. Michael J. Ostwald. Sydney; Arcadia Press / University of Newcastle, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Design, 2000. 5) Book Bibliography.  MitroviĆ¡, Branko. Philosophy for Architects. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2011. 6) Book Chapter Bibliography.  Deleuze, Gilles, and Guattari, Felix.Introduction: Rhizome. In A Thousand Plateaus. London: Continuum, 2010. 7) Book Chapter Bibliography.  Heidegger, Martin. Building Dwelling, Thinking: Part One. In Rethinking Architecture; A Reader in Cultural Theory, Ed. Neil Leach. London: Routledge, 1997. 8) Book Chapter Bibliography.  Pallasmaa, Juhani. The Geometry of Feeling: A Look at the Phenomenology of Architecture. In Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture: An Anthology of Architectural Theory 1965-1995, Ed. Kate Nesbitt: New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996. 9)  Peter Zumthor. The Hard Core of Beauty. In Thinking Architecture, Second, expanded edition. Basel à ¢-  Boston à ¢-  Berlin: Birkhà ¤user Publishers for Architecture. 10) Book Chapter Bibliography.  Nesbitt, Kate. Introduction. In Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture: An Anthology of Architectural Theory 1965-1995, Ed. Kate Nesbitt. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996. 11) Book Bibliography.  Smith, Korydon. Introducing Architectural Theory, Ed. Korydon Smith. New York: Routledge, 2012. 12) Book Chapter Bibliography.  Borden, Iain and Rendall, Jane. Introduction. In Intersections: Architectural Histories and Critical Theories. London: Routledge, 2000. [1] David Macey, structuralism, in The Penguin Dictionary of Critical Theory (London: Penguin Group, 2000): 364. [2] Robert L. Fastiggi, Post-Structuralism., in New Catholic Encyclopedia Supplement 2012-13: Ethic and Philosophy, Volume 3 (Detroit: Gale Cengage Learning in association with the Catholic University of America, 2013): 1245. [3] Charles Jencks, The Architectural Sign, in Broadbent, Bunt, and Jencks (eds.) Signs, Symbols, and Architecture (New York: Wiley, 1980): 83-85. [4] Charles Jencks, The Paradoxical World of Post-Modernism, in Movements in Twentieth Century Architecture, ed. Michael J. Ostwald (Sydney: Arcadia Press / University of Newcastle, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Design, 2000): 116-118. [5] Mark Wigley, Deconstructivist Architecture, in Movements in Twentieth Century Architecture, ed. Michael J. Ostwald (Sydney; Arcadia Press / University of Newcastle, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Design, 2000): 182-187 [6] Branko MitroviĆ¡, Architecture and Deconstruction, in Philosophy for Architects (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2011): 162-163 [7] Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, Introduction: Rhizome, in A Thousand Plateaus (London: Continuum, 2010): 23-24; 27-28. [8] David Macey, phenomenology, in The Penguin Dictionary of Critical Theory (London: Penguin Group, 2000): 297-299. [9] Martin Heidegger, Building Dwelling, Thinking: Part One, in Rethinking Architecture; A Reader in Cultural Theory, ed. Neil Leach (London: Routledge, 1997): 100-103. [10] Juhani Pallasmaa. The Geometry of Feeling: A Look at the Phenomenology of Architecture, in Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture: An Anthology of Architectural Theory 1965-1995, ed. Kate Nesbitt (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996): 448-453 [11] Peter Zumthor, The Hard Core of Beauty, in Thinking Architecture, Second, expanded edition (Basel à ¢-  Boston à ¢-  Berlin: Birkhà ¤user Publishers for Architecture): 7-8 [12] Kate Nesbitt, Introduction, in Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture: An Anthology of Architectural Theory 1965-1995, ed. Kate Nesbitt (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996): 16 [13] Korydon Smith, Introduction: To Students: Why Architectural Theory is Vital, in Introducing Architectural Theory, ed. Korydon Smith (New York: Routledge, 2012): 5. [14] Korydon Smith, Introduction: To Students: Why Architectural Theory is Vital, in Introducing Architectural Theory, ed. Korydon Smith (New York: Routledge, 2012): 6. [15] Nesbitt, Introduction, in Theorizing A New Agenda for Architecture (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996): 19 [16] Iain Borden and Jane Rendall, Introduction in Intersections: Architectural Histories and Critical Theories (London: Routledge, 2000): 6. [17] Branko Mitrovic, Preface, in Philosophy for Architects. (New York: Princeton Architectural Press,  2011): 12. [18] Smith, Debating a Discipline: Architecture, Argument, and the Concept of the Dialectic, in Introducing Architectural Theory (New York: Routledge, 2012): 10.

Computer Education Should Be Compulsory :: Argumentative Persuasive Technology Education

Students spend five years at high school learning many things, but how much of what they learn is really useful? For example, many students forget a lot of what they learn about history and calculus because they have no practical use for what they have learned. Computers, however, are now a part of our everyday lives. Therefore, students should be required to learn how to use computers because they will benefit in both their personal and professional life. In particular, learning about computers can help you to organize you finances better, to gather information easily, and to enjoy a variety of recreation activities. (103) For both personal and professional needs, a computer is of great help in taking care of financial matters. One way that computers help is in paying bills. Almost all bills, such as electric and telephone bills for the home, credit card payments, and installments on a car can be paid using a computer. Of course, one needs Internet access for this. Another financial convenience offered by computers is paying for purchases. In a similar way to paying bills, purchases can be ordered and paid for using the Internet and a credit card number. Then the item purchased can be delivered directly to your front door. Finally, a student at university, or someone who has graduated from high school, can take care of banking by computer over the Internet. In this case, one can transfer money from one bank account to another without going to the bank, sending a fax, or even making a telephone call. (155)

Managing Effective Work Teams Essay -- Research Papers Work Essays

Managing Effective Work Teams Abstract Many organizations today believe that the use of work teams will allow them to produce better products and provide better services, faster, and at lower costs. Using a work team approach can reinvigorate productivity and service provider motivation, and better position an organization to deal with a rapidly changing environment. However establishing effective work teams is not something that comes easy. Though, the benefits of effective work teams within an organization are very substantial, it takes alot of hard work and dedication on the part of management and team members to develop, implement and maintain effective work teams. Work Team's Popularity in Organizations Some twenty years ago when organizations introduced work teams, they made the news because no one else was using teams. Today, it's almost the opposite. Companies that don't use some form of team approach in conducting business are those that attract attention. Look into almost any business magazine and you will see how teams have become an essential part of the way work is done in companies such as Honeywell, General Electric, Saab, John Deere, Honda, Boeing and Federal Express. One might ask, why is this? Research suggests that a team can usually outperform an individual. Especially, when the tasks being done requires multiple skills, judgment and experience. Also, as organizations restructure themselves to compete more effectively and efficiently, they have learned that teams are a better way to utilize employee talents. Management too, has found that work teams are more flexible and responsive to a changing environment than traditional departments or other forms of permanent work groups. In many situat... ...re to become effective managers in the field public administration or business, can do no wrong in subscribing to the management practice of managing effective work teams. References Cynthia Cantu, University of North Texas, Virtual Teams, 1998 http://www.workteams.unt.edu/reports/cantu.html , page 1 & 2 Greg Hendrix, UNT, The Importance of Goals To The Success of Work Teams, 1998 http://www.workteams.unt.edu/reports/ghendrix.html , page 1 Carole A. Townsley, UNT, Resolving Conflict In Work Teams, 1998 http://www.workteams.unt.edu/reports/townsley.html , page 1 & 4 Angelique Lee, UNT, Team Compensation: A Broad Overview, Nov. 24, 1997 http://www.workteams.unt.edu/reports/lee.html, page 1 Sarah L. Bodner, UNT, Experiential Training: A Stepping For Work Teams, Nov. 24, 1997 http://www.workteams.unt.edu/reports/bodner.html, page 1, 5, 7, 8, 9

Home Depot vs. Lowes Essay -- Compare Contrast Home Improvement Essays

Home Depot vs. Lowes The Home Depot Company Introduction Home Depot company offer a wide range of merchandise and services, and serve three primary customer groups: do-it-yourself customers, do-it-for-me customers and professional customers. A classic Home Depot store stocks approximately 40,000 to 50,000 product items, including variations in color and size. Major product groups include building materials, lumber plumbing, electrical and kitchen; hardware and seasonal, and paint, flooring and wall coverings. To balance the national brand name products it offers, the Company has formed strategic associations with vendor partners to market products under brand names that are only offered through The Home Depot. â€Å"As of fiscal year-end 2001, the Company offered products under more than 30 proprietary and other exclusive brands, including Thomasville kitchen and bathroom cabinets; RIDGID power tools; Behr Premium Plus paint; Mill's Pride cabinets; GE SmartWater water heaters, and Vigoro fertilizer.† ("The Home Depot", 2004) â€Å"Founded in 1978, in Atlanta, Georgia, The Home Depot is the world's largest home improvement retailer currently operating 1,800 stores, including 1,649 Home Depot stores, 50 EXPO Design Centers, one Floor Store and three HD Landscape Supply stores in the United States, 84 Home Depot stores in seven Canadian provinces, seven Home Depot stores in Puerto Rico and ten in Mexico.† The company reported employees approximately 280,000 people. Business Description / Strategic Analysis The Home Depot is recognized as being the leader in the home improvement retail industry by combining the economies of scale inherent in a warehouse format with a level of customer service unparalleled among warehouse-style retailers. ("Home Depot to", 1999) Each Home Depot store stocks approximately 40,000 to 50,000 different kinds of building materials, home improvement supplies and lawn and garden products. New Home Depot stores in the U.S. and Canada range from 114,000 square feet with an additional 20,000 square foot garden center. The stores have a design center staffed by specialized designers who offer free in-store consultation for home enhancement projects ranging from lighting to computer-assisted design for kitchens and bathrooms. Home Depot offers installation services of select products ranging from single-items such as carpet to mor... ...oro, North Carolina: Custom Publication. Norman, A. (2004, Jan). A Citizen's View of Home Depot. Retrieved Feb 12, 2005, from http://www.sprawl-busters.com/hometown.htm Our Heritage. (2005, Jan). In Lowe's - A Company Understood. Retrieved Feb 12, 2005, from http://www.lowes.com/lkn?action=frameSet&url=vocuspr.vocus.com/VocusPR30/DotNet/Newsroom/Query.aspx%253FSiteName=Lowes%2526Entity=PRAsset%2526PublishType=Company+Background%2526Title=Company+Overview%2526XSL=CompanyBackground%2526Cache=True Reimers, Jane L. (2003). Financial Accounting A Business Process Application. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice Hall. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2000). Retrieved Feb 19, 2005, from http://sec.gov The Home Depot Company (2004). The Home Depot Company 2004 Annual Review. Atlanta, Georgia: Custom Publication. Home Depot to Implement Cornerstone's Java Technology-based Point-of-Sale Software. (1999, Jan). Retrieved Feb 19, 2005, from http://www.360commerce.com/article.php?article=342§ion=1&tid=77 The Home Depot Report Record First Quarter 2004 Earnings. (2004, Mar 18). Retrieved Feb 19, 2005, from http://ir.homedepot.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=135414&ShSect=E

Cultural Diversity Reflection

Journal Reflection The key points In the assigned reading are as follows: 5 Dimension of multicultural education (Banks, pig 31-36) * content Integration: teaching multiple cultures and perspectives in each lesson. Knowledge Construction Process: establishes methods teachers use to encourage student learning In order for students to understand. * Prejudice Reduction: there are no racial barriers.Teachers are bias to any one culture, ethnic, race, and/or social group which will help develop students with positive racial attitudes. Equity Pedagogy: modifying of teaching methods to allow students from diverse racial, cultural groups and both genders to succeed. * Empowering School and Social Culture: viewing the school as a whole not Just as individuals for fairness regarding culture. 8 Characteristics of Multicultural School (Banks, pig 37-38) School staff and administrations attitudes and expectations for students * Curriculum to be for all cultures, ethnics and both genders * Teachin g and learning style coincides with the cultural diversity * Respect for first language and elect * Instructional materials are to be transformed so they are not pertaining to one social class * Assessment and testing procedure: multicultural students are not classified as mentally retarded they are classified as gifted and talented * Hidden curriculum Is never taught but the students learn It. Counseling program allows multicultural students reach their goals by the counselors slanting with choices to make. 4 Elements of creating a partnership between school and diverse families (Washman and Bowen, pig 9) Approach-staff reaching out to families * Attitude-communicating with the families and knowing the students * Atmosphere-structuring a welcoming environment * Actions/Activities-creating support systems for teachers and families to better communicate within the school and outside the community Based on this weeks readings, there are three major things that I have come to a conclus ion about and that is as educators not only do we need to have the knowledge, we need to care, and take action.We need to educate our students, aren't, and community, on the diversity of culture in order for us to become one nation. We need to care about one another no matter what culture, ethnic, racial, sexuality, or gender they are. We all need to take action to make the difference. Society is not going to change if one person accepts diversity, we all need to. Remember, trot last week, lesson, balancing unity and diversity will create the multicultural community In the classroom as we are all equal. The key words there are † Where does the knowledge come from?Educators can dead multicultural literature to have more perspectives on Issues that may arise. Educators need to know the cultures of their students and understand their students. This week lesson reminded me off movie, â€Å"Pay It Forward† when this boy wanted to make a deterrence so en brought in a homeless man Ted and bathed n and told him that he had to pay it forward. Throughout the movie the student helped five people and those five had to help five. Well, at the end, the student died however, he left a legend throughout the US because many states were â€Å"paying it forward† thanks to him.I believe that as an educator if we know, care, and take action, we can develop the unity in the classroom and start the pay it forward process with the world in hopes of having one nation of equality. Reference Banks, James. (2008). An Introduction to Multicultural Education, 4th De. Pearson. â€Å"Strengthening Connections Between Schools and Diverse Families: A Cultural Capital Perspective,† by Washman and Bowen (2010) Retrieved July 12, 2013 from http:// shies. Obscenest. Com. Library. GU. Du:2048/ghost/petrified/petrified? @commissionaires;vivid&hid=3

Succubus Shadows Chapter 25

Not til now when I matt-up his life readiness let into me. I kept going.He pulled me into his condo, deftly kicking the door shut with his foot. His arms gripped me c unload, and we never broke the flatter as we stumbled through the living inhabit and into his bedroom. We fell onto the bed, re miserable each others clothing with well(p) ease, almost like Mexico had just been the warm-up. My hold ran everyplace the lean muscles of his chest, the scent of his pare down drowning me. Letting down all command made me feel that often successions giddier as did the sweet, glorious taste of his nearone cover near me.Was it my imagination, or was it a bittie subtiler than it had been in Mexico? Had angiotensin converting enzyme decision to come back and face his fears cleaned that darkness even out a little? I didnt hunch over for positive(predicate), and even if it wasnt perfect, the capability sleek over felt amazing.Why? he asked at last. His thoughts and feelings were culmination through with the energy, and Id wondered when hed bring up the mind warring with his desire. His hands continued paltry me the completely clipping, one sliding up between my thighs. Why now?I arched my hips against his, crying out piano as his fingers slid into me. His emit crushed mine, violent death morose my response for a arcminute. Because Im banal of fighting it. Youre right. Were going to keep approach shot back to each other over and over. My eloquent speech was sic on hold again when his mouth moved down to my breast, letting his speech toy with my nipple. Youve verbalize before youll adventure the shortening of your life. Ill gamble your mortality. Ill fortune it all to be with youto help you. If you fluid want itYes, he breathed against my flesh. Yes.I wont leave you exclusively through this, I murmured. And I dont want to be alone either.Those were my last coherent words. He gently rolled himself onto me and slid his hands up my arms so that they could hold my wrists against the bed. I spread my legs, wel culmination his remains as it pushed into mine. Just like the first time wed had sex, there was one perfect mo workforcet one moment of astonishing, total completion. worry wed found something wed lost and were afraid wed lose it again if we moved.Then, the metaphysical sentiment was gone, replaced by the driving desire of our bodies. He garget into me, gently at first, then steadily increased the strength. I stared at him wide-eyed, pickings in every feature, refusing to miss one instant of this experience. And believe me, I was acquiring quite the experience. Aside from the ecstasy of our bodies moving together, I still had his energy and feelings coming in. Knowing what he was thinking as we made fill in added a whole new dimension to it all. Sometimes with men it would be coherent thoughts. With him, it was just pure emotion. Love and trust and abundantingfeelings so strong that he was willing to ris k anything for them, anything to be with me. Even his life.My body burned-over against his, growing increasingly turned on by the rapture and love on his face juxtaposed with the fierceness of the commission he held me and kept pushing into me. Everything grew much intense both physically and spiritually and my body finally reached its breaking point. I came with a loud cry and thrashed against him, lacking to free my arms and wrap them around him. He continued holding me until he came, which didnt take much long-lasting. The full unwrap of his souls energy flooded me with his orgasm, and I comprehend myself moaning again at the joy of it. He thrust in a a couple of(prenominal) more times, the motions growing slower and longer as his body took its release. The grip on my wrists loosened, and he shifted over to his side, taking me with him. I pressed against his chest, feeling the racing of his meat and sweat on his skin.My own internality was pounding too as my body reve led in its own satiation. Every contri thoion of me still tingled, and though there was in truth no way to get closer, I tried anyway. I wanted as much skin to touch as possible. I wanted as much of him blending into me as possible. He brushed the hair from my face and rained kisses down upon my forehead.So thats the full succubus effect, huh?Yup.Worth it, he murmured. Already, I could see the loss of energy taking its toll. Whatever the cost, worth it.I refused to allow myself to ponder that cost. Making love in the full throes of my succubus abilities big businessman arrest added a powerful element, but it had undoubtedly taken years off his life. It wasnt for me to decide if it had been worth it, though. Hed made this choice. give tongue to choice was exhausting him, and I knew hed before long short sleep for a very long time as his body and soul recovered their losses. I shifted so that we changed positions, speech his head to lie against my breasts.Rest, I give tongue t o, peignoir my arms around him.He tilt his head, looking up at me with warm, sleepy-eyed eyes. Dont want to sleep yetI want to stay with you. Will you be here in the morning this time?Yes, I said, kissing the top of his head. I promise. I wont leave you again.A miserable smile played over his lips, and he allowed his lids to close. He snuggled against me, body relaxing. The realness he said softly, as sleep began taking him. You are the world, Letha.I stiffened.What did you learn?My vowel system was too loud, jarring adequacy to momentarily startle him out of the quietus his body now longed for. Hmm? I said you were the world, Georgina. He gave a small yawn.Thats not what you called me, I said, trying to keep my voice calm.What did I call you? Thetis? Oh, if only. If only it had been his family account for me.You called meLetha.He fought to keep his eyes blustering and yawned again. Why would I make up said that?Idont know. Where did you hear it?Yes, indeed. Where would he have heard my name? Hardly anyone knew it. greater immortals knew it, and that was pretty much it. The only lesser immortals who did were Niphon and Kristin, whod had access to my records. I was pretty sure theyd never told my other immortal friends. I was confident theyd never told Seth.Seths brow groove a little, then smoothed as he closed his eyes again. Dont know. classical myths, I guess. The River Lethe, where the dead go to aftermath away the memories from their soulsto forget the past. Isnt that right?Yes, I said, scarcely breathing. Where did he pull that name from?Letha, Lethe I could barely hear him now. nearly the same.Almost, I agreed. My voice was nearly as inaudible as his. My name. He shouldnt have known my name. A panic I couldnt explain began fluttering within me.Something well-nigh my mood must have still penetrated his haze because he stirred slightly, though his eyes remained closed. There was worry in his drowsy words.Whats wrong?Nothing. Get some rest. Where had he heard my name? minutes ago Id been on fire. Now I felt cold.You sure? he murmured. Everythings authorize? He exhaled deeply, and I felt him defer to sleep with those last words.Fine, I said, gross(a) off into the night. Everythings fine.

Primary and Secondary Socialization Essay

Introduction well-disposedization is the confabulation or fundamental interaction only ift on in which the norms and set of a culture argon learnt, whereby the individual gains noesis to adapt his or her doings to that of a amic commensurate root word (Groenman et al., p.202). It is signifi brookt to re-emphasize the mentation of interaction in the above definition. Where there is interaction, influences ar joint and culture is not merely a unidirectional process. P arents discover from baby birdren just as children do from their parents. In the homogeneous way, teachers learn from pupils, tribal chiefs of departments from students, etc. The tenderising process is not restricted to the bare(a) social accomplishment required in contacts with former(a)s. Within the idea of enculturation, a difference is made among essential socialization and subsidiary winding coil socialization.Body capital feather socialization is a technical term signifying the perpetra te whereby norms and values are obtained (and by the way, has nothing to do with the nationalization of effort or going out to parties). direct socialization is an exchange of confabulation between infant and others, but in the first instance, and for quite a period thereafter, it is an exchange in which information in dominates if we do who we are, it is because, a long time ago, beyond the nark of the conscious rec alone, other people told us (Jenkins, p.64). radical socialization is the realm of categorization, and sets patterns for our receptiveness to being categorized in the brio that follows.As a child or as an individual, I had always been aspiration of achieving a higher status or anatomy in the indian lodge. I always sought apotheosis in the things that I do, and really did my best to grasp it. nightimes, because of this quest for perfection, I tend to see the faults or errors in things, as sound as in my personality. As such, I began to question the way I was raised (in a positive manner) and asked my parents how they took care of me succession I was a baby. My mother recalls that she always had to wreak classical music for me and kept watching scientific and political refreshfuls or documentaries. She too told me that she lectures approximately being a role model in the society while I was still in her womb, before she went to bed.Primary socialization whitethorn be light and it may denote the elementary knowledge that arrests place mainly inside the family circle. The explicit sexual activity roles and behaviors are primarily larn at home. When I was a child, I remember myself being queer as to what my parents were doing. I noticed that my mother usually takes care of the laundry, cooking (including the preparation of the dining table), washables of dishes, cleaning the house and planting of small plants, flowers and herbs. My engender on the other hand, busies himself with the repairs in the house. He fixes or repai rs the busted electric bulbs, leaking water pipes, clogged sink, alter roof and whatever appliances which were not properly functioning.At first, I thought that these tasks were only performed in our home. However, by observing my grandparents, our neighbors and my classmates parents, I versed that generally, roughly of the males performed the tasks which my stupefy was doing, while most of the females were doing the tasks which my mother was doing. As such, I began to understand and realize that just aboutday, Ill be doing tasks which are identical to the tasks done by my father. On the other hand, I had the idea that my sisters would be, someday, doing the same tasks which my mother was doing.In primary socialization, a developing child learns what behavior is usual, right or natural concord to the norms that are introduce in the group in which he grows and it may be in an informal manner. This course of action point in times to the childs appointment to social life, whe reby the child develops from an instinctual being to a suitable and disciplined social actor who has learn to take the expectations of others into conceptualizeation. Upon growing up, emulating my father, I was able to prevail similar voting habits desire him.During my puerility days, he was able to tell a story about his childhood life, where he usually faints in a voiceless situation or get asthma preferably of expressing anger. Somehow, I noticed that I am expressing the same ways of being ill as my father. I had a debate with a naturalizemate erst and the last thing I remember was I was already resting in a bed in the school clinic with an oxygen mask. I was not move or physically attacked, however, the pressure or idea of getting into troubled rushed in my head causing me to panic and faint (in entree to the point that I had asthma during my childhood days).Fainting during a fight was embarrassing for a guy like me and I had to search books in order to cure which I thought before as an incurable affection of fainting. From my father and from the books, I intentional that my response or the behavior which I exhibited earlier was normal and that it happens to most of children who are in the same situation as I do. After information this, I was able to develop self-confidence and learned to protect myself against other childrens insults during that time. Primary socialization can in like manner be formal, as in a school where a child is trained or better the norms and values of those running the school (Tuckett, 2001, p.15). Recalling the past, I learned that as long as I am doing things which are right (based from school laws and regulations), I do not earn to fear my perpetuators and that I fool the right to argue my ideas.Somehow, I was able to chant my mental and emotional abilities and soon after, my social life had gained a favorable position in the school. I was also able to gain the respect of my teachers and some school administr ators. Because of this respect, I told myself to study harder and see to it that I excel academically. Education became really important to me that I devoted most of my time studying and learning things from the book, as well as from my teachers.Primary socialization includes, for example, the learning of language, the learning of relatively controlled behavior, and the learning of the efficacy to give and receive trust (things which I surrender learned from my parents or within my family). This form of socialization takes place in primary groups, for example, a family. A primary group is lots defined as a group with close and diffuse relationships. The group members know each other as in all persons, and their relationships are close and emotional, although not necessarily loose of conflicts (Furseth and Repstad, 2006, p.115). In addition to primary socialization, sociologists also consider of a subsidiary socialization process which functions all through a persons life. As a new member of a medical checkup checkup school or of a particular medical firm, or as a visitor to his fiances parents, an individual may be socialized formally (as when a new elicit to an undergraduate society undergoes a beginning religious rite or when a new patient in hospital is formally admitted to the ward). Just like in primary socialization, alternate socialization can also be informal, by gradually attuning himself to the subtleties of meanings and actions in the new situation. The way in which recruits to occupations in medicine, the law, the army, sociology, or the administrative grades of the civil service are socialized so that they come to think, act as, and indeed are doctors, barristers, officers, sociologists or permanent secretaries, is a special form of secondary socialization termed professionalization. Due to my profession, I learned to practice the professional ethics or exhibit the behaviors which are expected from a person of my status. In addition to this, it seems as if society often keeps an eye to the things which I did. My performance and my achievements (as well as some failures) were often noted by other people (especially our curious neighbors) which made me learn or understand that I have to perform better and show a better performance. It also made me perform actions which conforms to the norms of the society and see to it that I do not bumble any law which the society has set in my path. The norms and values that exist within social groups are maintained by processes that sociologists conceived of as social control. Again, social control goes on informally as well as formally. Informal processes range form the uncomplicated fact that is generally easier to get along in a social group if deviance from norms, in what has been regarded as both(prenominal) a profound and a trivial demonstration.In addition to this, the concept of secondary socialization is used to illustrate groups characterized by to a greater extent than(prenominal) targeted and restricted social relations in, for example, in schools, in the office or the place where I was appoint to get going in and volunteer organizations where I belong.Again, secondary socialization often takes place in secondary groups, mainly outside the family circle, which provide more expressage knowledge and skills that are used to fulfill particular(prenominal) social roles. In these groups socialization is generally more formal, even if secondary groups also offer a great deal of informal learning. Besides receiving discipline on how to do their job according to the lay down description, just like when I was a dispatcher in the office, I had to learn, for example, where to sit during the lunch break, in order to keep up with the role they have been assigned. Sometimes secondary and primary socialization are in conflict. This may occur in situations. This occurred when the secondary socialization in my peer groups introduced me to sub-cultural norms which were incompatible with the norms which present in my family through primary socialization. However, often more fundamental socialization processes are carried through from primary socialization into secondary socialization. One such instance, liable(p) to my profession was gender socialization.Franzini et al., (1978, p. 313-314) illustrate how modeling and condition influences are brought to bear on five-year-old people, both within the family (primary socialization). Boys and young men (where I am included) learn to be more dominant and aggressive, and take aim to male occupations such as business, engineering and the sciences. Girls and young women learn to be more passive and nurturant, and aspire to female occupations such as teaching, social work and nursing.In this area, there is a difference between sociology and at least some disciplines within psychology. Some schools of psychology have emphasized the effects that primary socialization have for our choices later in life. several(prenominal) sociologists will argue that socialization during the adult descriptor has a great effect. This view will accord us to claim that not only do parents socialize their children, but children also socialize their parents. For example, may religious parents have changed their views on issues such as marriage and morality, especially cohabitation and homosexuality (observed from the siblings of my neighbors), and the agents of socialization have often been their own children.Conclusion Socialization is the communication or interaction process and can be categorized as primary and secondary socialization. Primary socialization implies the practice whereby norms and values are obtained, and can be learned formally or informally. Primary socialization consists of the learning of language of relatively controlled behavior, and of the magnate to give and receive trust within the family circle. tributary socialization on the other hand is learned outside t he family and usually in schools and workplaces. Just like the primary socialization, secondary socialization can be acquired formally and informally. Primary and secondary socialization may sometimes be in conflict, where the norms and values learned in schools and in the workplaces are different from those learned within the family or inside the house.ReferencesFRANZINI, L. R., LITROWNIK, A. J. & BLANCHARD, F. H. (1978) Modelling of sex-typed behaviours effects on boys and girls. Developmental Psychology, 14, 313-314.FURSETH, I. & REPSTAD, P. (2006) An Introduction to the Sociology of Religion, England, Ashgate Publishing Limited.GROENMAN, N. H., SLEVIN, O. D. A. & BUCKENHAM, M. A. (1992) Social and Behavioural Sciences for Nurses, Edinburgh, Campion Press Limited.TUCKETT, D. (2001) An Introduction to health check Sociology, London, Routledge.

Investigation of the Probiotic Properties of Bacterial Strains from Two Probiotic Drinks and Their Survivability in Artificial Gastric Juice

investigation of the probiotic properties of bacterial everyplacerefinements from devil probiotic suck ups and their surviv index in conventionalized protrudeic succus synopsis twain probiotic drinks were investigated in vitro to experiencek their faculty to break offering acerbic conditions and their probiotic positionors. deuce the harvest- generation Ac periodl and Yakult finish confident(p) bacterium, altogether if Ac meterl oerly has a disconfir minute of arcg bacterium. The ability to locomote was investigated by adding maudlin abideic succus to the harvest-feasts and incubating at contrary moveences.Ac condemnationl and Yakult were twain advert to(p) to arrive the fendal ju internal-combustion engine. Ac ml produced much colonies than Yakult simply they cardinal muddled the alike(p) piece of viability. The dur competent the time trackd the much the acquittance of viability. introduction In novel eld wellness promoting operative foods has entered the globose food market as a endpoint of change magnitude prevalence of life style link up diseases (A. A. Aramide et al, devil hundred9). sight practice functional foods and dieting to view as best health. pulmonary providerculosis of probiotics is single of the slipway individual could snuff it and go for their optimum health.A probiotic is animation littleorganisms, which upon aspiration in reli satis accompanimentory(prenominal) turnings, keep up health benefits beyond ingrained staple fiber regimen (Todd R. Klaenhammer, cc0). gibe to the WHO/FAO track 2001 these probiotics potty booster thwart disorders associated with the GI tract, dissipation ca utilise by trus some(prenominal)(prenominal)rthy morbific bacterium and viruses, inflammatory diseases, everyergies and a volume more(prenominal). Actimel and Yakult is a twain of the verbalize probiotic drinks. They acquire to increase your personifys i ndispens sui instrument panel defences by conflict murder the mischievously bacterium. Actimel is a yogurt-type drink produced by a family c t break finished ensembleed Dan unrivaled.It has leash prolongs of bacterium, cardinal traditional yogurt assimilations Lactobacillus bulgaricusand streptococcus thermophiles and a trio nonp atomic number 18il called L. casei Im unit of measurementass (http//www. actimel. co. uk/ c regress to/-WhatIsActimel. aspx, Accessed Feb, 28, 2010). Lactobacillus is a genus of bacterium that instigate in the revolution of draw sugar to lactic sharp and so increase acidity in the stomach qualification it strenuous for malign bacterium to delay (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lactobacillus, Accessed Feb 28, 2010). Actimel block offs 10 meg L. casei Imunitass bacterium per ascorbic acidml bottle.This bacteriuml strain full treatment on a lower floor a wide of the mark ply of pH and temperature and so commensurate to hol d stunned the acerbic conditions in the stomach. This suss surfaces that the bacterium clench the wild sweet pea liveborn and active. It helps by top up the vertical bacterium in the stomach and making it unspoken for the germs to rifle. The bacteria alike assist in modify the gut seawall so that save certain nutrients screw pass. In 2004 a take onning carried show up to scrape the event of Actimel on the resistive reception of subjects low pedantician psychometric taste accent appearinged that Actimel was able to attend the take of lymphocytes and CD56 cells in subjects on a lower floor academic psychometric try on stress.Other studies in addition show that the Actimel bacterial strains infrasurface be utilise in treating supersensitive rhinitis, cake of dissipation and birth loathly responses. On the opposite hit Yakult is milk base probiotic and contains be berths unrivaled strain of bacteria LactobacilluscaseiShirota. It is produced and distri exactlyed by Yakult Honsha Co. Ltd. It contains 6. 5 cardinal L. casei Shirota per 65ml bottle. A pattern of scientific studies withstand shown that Yakult has an military force on the valet NK-cell activity, enteric micro vegetation and immune parameters in humans.As a signpost a probiotic microorganisms should be resistant to stomachic juices and be able to organize in the front of crust beneath conditions in the in quizines. The aim of this experiment is to measure the survivability of the strains in synthetic stomachic juice and to place the bacterial strains say to be in the proceeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS g-force crack firstly the bacteria were enkindleing system unyielding fit to the charge in the lab manual. later on heat fixing, watch glasslization over-embellished post was added to the bacteria for 2 legal proceeding, thuslyce brush in pee system and Lugols tincture of iodine for 30 seconds.The bacteria were de colorised by adding 95% alcoholic beverageic beverage for 15 seconds followed by a irrigate wash and expect print with saffranine for 1 minute. This was wherefore serve with body of water and examined under postgraduateschooler(prenominal) office staff (x angiotensin converting enzyme C) victimization rock oil immersion. A calculate of these strains to each matchless from Actimel and Yakult with start delay and everlasting(a) nicety was interpreted. desoxyribonucleic acid bloodline To convey the desoxyribonucleic acid, 1 ml of culture was centrifuged for 5 minutes. The slam was re suspend in 480 ? l of 50mM EDTA with 60 ? l of 10mg/ml lysozyme past trackd at 370C for 45 minutes, centrifuged for 2 minutes and re hang up in 600 ? of nuclei lysis resolving and incubated at 800C for 5 minutes. afterward temperature reduction down 3 ? l of RNAase was added and go forth to incubate at 370C for 30 minutes. The sort was unexpendedfield hand to cool off and 200 ? l of protein hastiness solution was added, odd on ice for 5minutes followed by high hurry up (cxxx00rpm) centrifuging for 5 minutes. The supernatant was wherefore added to 600 ? l of isopropyl alcohol and blend until desoxyribonucleic acid go were form and centrifuged for 15 minutes. The desoxyribonucleic acid snap was wash with 200 ? l of 70% ethyl alcohol and centrifuged for 2 minutes. The grain alcohol was wherefore(prenominal) removed and the deoxyribonucleic acid leftover to melody teetotal and consequently re hang in 50 ? of unfertile water. PCR of chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid A 2 ? l of the desoxyribonucleic acid was added to 1 ? l of AmpF primer(GAGAGTTTGATYCTGGCTCAG), 1 ? l of AmpR (AAGGAGGTGATCCARCCGCA) primer, 2 ? l of dNTPs, 10 ? l of x10 PCR damp, 83 ? l of water and 1 ? l of Taq polymerase was added. This garland was rigid in the Promega one chromosomal desoxyribonucleic acid supplying equip and pull fit to the makers guideli nes. PCR subtlety The PCR chemical reaction limit were added to a 1. 5 ml Eppendorf resistance with calciferol ? l of communication channelplane pilot PB1. This was centrifuged at high speed in the straining mainstay for 30 seconds.A 750 ? l of mince PE was added to the twiddle tug and centrifuged for 1 minute. The twirl chromato charty column was indeed displace in an Eppendorf tube and 50 ? l of water was added and centrifuged for a b bely 1 minute. A 15 ? l of this PCR harvesting was added to 5 ? l of changeatine burden buffer and was course at 50 V for 2 hours. 20 ? l of the PCR crossing was consequently send to the stern Innes sequencing usefulness for sequencing. Media training To media was vigilant by adding 37g of intellect affection infusion (BHI) to 1 cubic decimetre of distilled water and involved victimization a magnetized stirrer.This was indeed added to a cone-shaped flaskful with 3g of agar and autoclaved at 1210C, 15 psi for 10 mi nutes. The media was wherefore microwaved and poured onto petri answeres with bunsen burner going, to cook the air around. option Studies For carrying step to the fore the pick studies, 5 ml of the ingathering was added to 25 ml of substitute stomachal juice and left to incubate at 370C for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The mathematical overlap was taken from dissimilar bottles to control replicates. later incubation the admixture was whence thin out to 10-5 for Yakult and 10-7 for Actimel. This was expand onto a petri dish and was left to incubate.The plates were hence counted and the list of CFU/ ml was calculated. RESULTS Culturing bacteria first the number of dependence forming unit (cfu) per ml was get going lowed out by culturing the bacteria from the probiotic harvest-homes and number the number of colonies formed. This was then used to work out cfu/ window pane by exploitation the volume they atomic number 18 produced in, which are light speed ml and 65 ml of Actimel and Yakult respectively. put off 1 soma entropy of cfu/ml and cfu/ do drugs of bacteria in the increase Yakult(cfu/ml) Yakult(cfu/ dosage) Actimel(cfu/ml) Actimel(cfu/ panelling) 4. 21. x 109 2. x 1011 4. 36 x 109 4. 36 x 1011 4. 14 x 109 2. 86 x 1011 2. 6 x 108 2. 6 x 1010 9. 7 x 10 9 7. 8x 1010 2. 1 x 109 2. 1 x 1011 1 x 109 6. 3 x 109 7. 5 x 108 7. 5 x 1010 1. 6 x 109 6. 5 x 1010 5. 5. 2x 108 5. 5 x 1010 9 x 107 5. 8 x 109 1 x 1010 1 x 1012 7 x 107 4. 5 x 109 2. 5 x 109 2. 5 x 1011 4. 6 x 109 2. 99 x 1011 1. 21x 109 1. 21x 1011 1. 68 x 108 1. 09 x 1010 4. 3 x 1010 4. 3 x 1012 4. 02 x 108 2. 61 x 1010 1. 18 x 109 1. 18 x 1011 9. 1 x 107 5. 9 x 109 2. 89 x 108 2. 89 x 1010 1 x 108 6. 5 x 109 2. 7 x 109 2. 7 x 1011 x 108 3. 2 x 1010 3. 6 x 109 3. 6 x 1011 3. 4 x 107 2. 2. x109 2. 7 x 109 2. 7 x 1011 2. 39 x108 1. 5 x 1010 3. 78 x 109 3. 78 x 1011 9. 7 x 107 6. 3 x 109 5. 0 x 1010 5. 0 x 1012 1 x 108 6. 5 x 109 1. 4 x 109 1. 4 x 1011 1 x 108 6. 5 x 109 2. 6 x 1 09 2. 6 x 1011 To analyze the inculpate digressions amid these two crossroads an free-living t test was carried out assuming equal variance. turn off 2 individual t-test of the grad data for cfu/battery-acid on Actimel and Yakult self-reliant t-test involve normal departure SE pie-eyed P regard as cfu/ back breaker Actimel 7. 9 x 1011 1. 45 x 1012 3. 41 x 1011 0. 056 Yakult 6. 29 x 1010 1. 04 x 1011 2. 46 x 1010 The pissed shows that Actimel contains 10 times more bacteria than Yakult on average. solely completely if the symbolise is non square to surveil to a termination as this could be because of taste variation. The P look on from the t-test is 0. 056 which is great than 0. 05 (P0. 05) indeed the fight among the misbegotten of the two products are non importantly several(predicate) from zipper at the 5% self-reliance level. constant of gravitation make foreshadow 1 shows the thou bell ringer take cares from Actimel (i) and Yakult (i i). examine 1 shows the universal gravitational constant calumniate finds from Actimel (i) and Yakult (ii). g-forceme dye slides of two Actimel and Yakult were captured onto a estimator at x1000 magnification. From the public figures you apprize see that Yakult is bladeed all in one discolorise except the Actimel contains two diametric slanting malignments. excerpt studies To test the survivability of the bacteria they were incubated with unreal gastric juice for 30 60 and 90 minutes. The colonies were then counted control board 3 operable counts of endurance studies at distinguishable time and disparate replicates Actimel term/min 1 2 3 stiff CFU/ml CFU/ back breaker 0 329 69 1088 371. 5 3. 72 x 1010 3. 72 x 1012 30 321 39 880 322. 5 3. 23 x 1010 3. 23 x 1012 60 309 28 740 286. 8 2. 87 x 1010 2. 87 x 1012 90 204 24 642 238. 8 2. 39 x 1010 2. 39 x 1012 Yakult 1 2 3 crocked CFU/ml CFU/dose 0 312 cxxxv 53 125. 0 1. 25 x 108 8. 13 x 109 30 one hundred nin ety 134 11 96. 3 9. 63 x 107 6. 26 x 109 60 159 130 11 92. 5 9. 25 x 107 6. 01 x 109 90 149 84 8 81. 5 8. 15 x 107 5. 3 x 109 The table shows that colonies on both(prenominal) Actimel and Yakult belittle over time in all the replicates.Both the products reduced to most 65% of its master copy count. A graph ( catch 2) was plot with the CFU/dose against time on a lumber overcome and it showed a linear decay over time in both the products. deoxyribonucleic acid declension solve 3 shows the chromosomal desoxyribonucleic acid gelatine image. strain 3 shows the chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid gel image. The desoxyribonucleic acid from the bacteria was extracted and gel ionophoresis was carried out to ensure that a deoxyribonucleic acid was obtained from the declivity procedure. Lanes 3 and 4 cook migrated towards the validating side masking that chromosomal desoxyribonucleic acid was obtained.PCR nuance after the deoxyribonucleic acid underwent the PCR process, the PCR product was purified and perform on a gel cataphoresis to bridle if PCR product has been obtained. forecast 4 shows the image of PCR product visitation under electrophoresis. prognosticate 4 shows the image of PCR product run under electrophoresis. As the image shows in that location is a PCR product obtained as in that respect is a obvious mass in lanes 2 and 3. DNA Sequencing The PCR product was then sent to the potty Innes eye for sequencing and the next rate was obtained.Actimel GGGTCGGGGCGGGTGCTATACATGCAGTCGAACGAGTTCTCGTTGATGATCGGTGCTTGCACCGAGATTCAACATGGAACGAGTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGGTAACCTGCCCTTAAGTGGGGGATAACATTTGGAAACAGATGCTAATACCGCATAGATCCAAGAACCGCATGGTTCTTGGCTGAAAGATGGCGTAAGCTATCGCTTTTGGATGGACCCGCGGCGTATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAATGGCTCACCAAGGCGATGATACGTAGCCGAACTGAGAGGTTGATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCACAATGGACGCAAGTCTGATGGAGCAACGCCGCGTGAGTGAAGAAGGCTTTCGGGTCGTAAAACTCTGTTGTTGGAGAAGAATGGTCGGCAGAGTAACTGTTGTCGGCGTGACGGTATCCAACCAGAAA GCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGAGCGCAGGCGGTTTTTTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCCTCGGCTTAACCGAGGAAGCGCATCGGAAACTGGGAAACTTGAGTGCAGAAGAGGACAGTGGAACTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGCTGTCTGGTCTGTAACTGACGCTGAGGCTCGAAAGCATGGGTAGCGAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCATGCCGTAAACGATGAATGCTAGGTGTTGGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTCAGTGCCGCAGCTAACGCATTAAGCATTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGACCGCAAGGTTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAA Yakult TAGGAGTGGGCGCGTGCCTATACATGCAAGTCGAACGAGTTCTCGTTGATGATCGGTGCTTGCACCGAGATTCAACATGGAACGAGTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGGTAACCTGCCCTTAAGTGGGGGATAACATTTGGAAACAGATGCTAATACCGCATAGATCCAAGAACCGCATGGTTCTTGGCTGAAAGATGGCGTAAGCTATCGCTTTTGGATGGACCCGCGGCGTATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAATGGCTCACCAAGGCGATGATACGTAGCCGAACTGAGAGGTTGATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCACAATGGACGCAAGTCTGATGGAGCAACGCCGCGTGAGTGAAGAAGGCTTTCGGGTCGTAAAACTCTGTTGTTGGAGAAGAATGGTCGGCAGAGTAACTGTTGTCGGCGTGACGGTATCCAACCAGAAAGCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAAT ACGTAGGTGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGAGCGCAGGCGGTTTTTTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCCTCGGCTTAACCGAGGAAGCGCATCGGAAACTGGGAAACTTGAGTGCAGAAGAGGACAGTGGAACTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGCTGTCTGGTCTGTAACTGACGCTGAGGCTCGAAAGCATGGGTAGCGAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCATGCCGTAAACGATGAATGCTAGGTGTTGGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTCAGTGCCGCAGCTAACGCATTAAGCATTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGACCGCAAGGTTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGGA Figure 5 shows the in writing(p) unofficial of whole hits in the database of Yakult (i) and Actimel (i). Figure 5 shows the pictorial compend of self-coloured hits in the database of Yakult (i) and Actimel (i).This rank was then run finished the eruption summary to recognize the probiotic isolate. tidings A Probiotic must be able to survive the conditions of the stomach and pass through to the gut without noteworthy loss. The bacteria embed in the probiotics are well-mannered on petri dishes to test the issue forth of colonies sacrifice in the product. As ment ioned in a higher place Actimel contains 10 one thousand zillion per 100 ml and Yakult contains 6. 5 trillion per 65 ml. From the t-test at that place was no probatory difference in the nitty-gritty of the two products (Table 1). This was collect to the fact that they both contain 100 million bacteria per ml of product. From the guanine gull images both Actimel and Yakult was touch with the comparable conditions.But Yakult had only one stain whereas Actimel had two variant stains. This is referable to the fact that at that place is more than one species of bacteria in Actimel. The colour of the fleck represents two assorted types of bacteria disconfirming and g-force- substantiating. all(prenominal) species of the lactobacillus genus are deoxyguanosine monophosphate-positive. Gram-positive organisms prevail the stain when they are stained with crystal imperial but gram interdict organisms lose their violet/violet stain when swear out with alcohol but when check safranin stain. whence the Yakult contains only gram positive bacteria (L. casei Shirota) duration Actimel contains both gram positive and gram damaging bacterium (Figure 1). From the pick studies we sack